031.2 Freehand Writing (বানিয়ে লেখার টেকনিক) বিস্তারিত
Freehand Writting (বানিয়ে লেখার টেকনিক) শিখতে হলে সবার আগে আমাদেরকে Translation(Bn-En ও En-Bn অনুবাদ) করার সিস্টেমটা এ আয়ত্ত করা শিখতে হবে। এজন্য, Grammar রুলসগুলো জানতে হবে ও ও vocabulary জানতে হবে।
Writing Skills বাড়ানর জন্য বাংলা থেকে ইংরেজি-তে অনুবাদ(translation) করার সিস্টেমটা শেখা জরুরি। এর মাধ্যমে আপনি যেসব ক্ষেত্রে উপকৃত হবেন-
- Free Handwriting,
- IELTS Writing,
- BCS Writing,
- Academic Writing
- অন্যান্য আরো E-mail/CV Writing ইত্যাদি।
*** পাশাপাশি, নিয়মিত Grammar Skills চর্চায় রাখতে হবে। এবং নিত্য নতুন IELTS/academic, BCS/job exam, TV/Newspaper, Speaking এর জন্য Vocabulary শিখে যেতে হবে। আর, Speakingটা চালিয়ে যেতে হবে এমনভাবে যাতে যেকোনো Partner ও Presentations এ নিজের যোগ্যতা প্রমাণ করা যায়।
কিভাবে Freehand Writing Skill বৃদ্ধি করবো।
সোজাসাপ্টা সমীকরণ হচ্ছে –
→Freehand Writing Skill ভালো করতে হলে Basic Grammar, বিশেষ করে parts of speech, tense, voice, subject-verb agreement, phrase, clause sentence structures সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত ধারণা থাকা লাগবে
[ এক্ষেত্রে Suman Sen ( Archilice Barnard ) এর সহজ ভাষায় লেখা Principle of fearless writing বইটাও দেখতে পারেন ; বইটিতে বেশ কিছু অসঙ্গতি থাকলেও Beginner দের জন্য যথেষ্ট ভালো হবে ]
→ নিয়মিত পত্রিকা পড়ার পাশাপাশি অনুবাদ করা লাগবে,
→প্রচুর টপিকভিত্তিক ভোকাবুলারি শেখা লাগবে [ এক্ষেত্রে বাজারের Preceptor’s Translation Manual বইটি দেখতে পারেন। বইটিতে বাক্যসহ প্রয়োগ দেওয়া যা খুব effective হবে ; কিছু অসঙ্গতি থাকলেও বইটিতে বেশ ভালো সংগ্রহ রয়েছে ]
→ বিভিন্ন পরীক্ষায় আসা MCQ টাইপ অনুবাদগুলো ভালো করে ব্যাখাসহ শিখে ফেলতে হবে।
→যা পড়বেন তা নিয়মিত লিখতে হবে। যত লিখবেন ততই freehand Writing skill develop হবে। লিখবেন না, আপনার freehand writing skill এরও উন্নতি হবে না।
এসবে জোর না দিয়ে আপনি দুনিয়ার হাজারখানেক কোর্স করলেও আপনার বিন্দুমাত্র লাভ হবে না বলেই আমার বিশ্বাস। 😑
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ফ্রি হ্যান্ড রাইটিং এ যা যা জানতে হবে-
• Relative Pronoun
• Noun→কোন noun এর আগে article বসে ও কোন noun এর আগে বসে না সেগুলো জানতে হবে।
• Clause [Reduction System of Clause (adj)]
• Phrase (, Prepositional phrase, )
• Transformation of Sentence
• Tense
• Preposition
Conjunction/ Connector.
- compound words
- Infinitive
- gerund
এছাড়াও,
* Stative/State Verbs সম্পর্কে জানা।
* formal & informal Word
- etc
• Newspaper এর মতো লেখার জন্য “দুইটি গ্রামার” জানা বাধ্যতামূলকঃ-
1. Narration (Direct & Indirect Speech)
2. Punctuation Mark.
• আর অনুবাদ করার জন্য “তিনটি গ্রামার” এর বাংলা করা জানতে হবেঃ-
1. Cluases & Phrases
2. Prepositional Phrase
3. Reduction System of Clause (adj)
• তাছাড়া Tense & Transformation of Sentences এর সম্পর্কে “বাংলা” করার বিষয়ে Accurate Clear concept থাকতে হবে৷
একই শব্দ রিপিট করা, লেখায় নতুনত্ব না থাকা, সেইম স্ট্রাকচার ব্যবহার করা, সব বাক্যতে simple sentence ব্যবহার করা – এতে করে লেখার “প্রাণ ও আকর্ষণ” চলে যায় ৷ আসলে, প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরিক্ষায় শুধু “Sub+verb+obj এইগুলো চলে না।
কিভাবে খুব সহজেই আপনি আপনার রাইটিং কে বেশ কয়েক ধাপ এগিয়ে নিয়ে আসতে পারেন
Translation and uses of punctuation:
Freehand Writing-
আমাদের মাতৃভাষা বাংলা, তাই বাংলা থেকে ইংরেজি-তে অনুবাদ করা(র নিয়ম) শিখতে পারলে Freehand Writing আয়ত্ত করতে পারবো।
Freehand Writing এর মানে বানিয়ে বানিয়ে লিখা নয় বা অনুবাদ করে লিখা নাই। Freehand Writing হচ্ছে আপনার কাছে ইনফরমেশন আছে সেটা হতে গুছিয়ে লিখা। এজন্য বিভিন্ন রুলস ও টেকনিক জানা লাগে।
Freehand Writing/Translation (Grammar): Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing এ চারটার মধ্যে একমাত্র Writing এ Grammar লাগে।

ফ্রিহ্যান্ড রাইটিং এর জন্য যেভাবে চিন্তা করবেনঃ







English বানিয়ে লেখার টেকনিক:
তথ্য না থাকলে কোন টপিকে বেশি লেখা যায় না। তথ্য সংগ্রহ করার জন্য নিচের Points গুলো চিন্তা করুন:-
• Means
• Importance (গুরুত্ব)
• Good/ bad sides (ভাল দিক/ খারাফ দিক)
• Contribution (অবদান)
– social impact
• Condition (present/past/future)
– why it happens
– Necessary steps
– W.H questions
• in favour of (পক্ষে)
• against (বিপক্ষে)
• Cause, Effect (economical)
• Personal experience
– environmental system
• For an example (উদাহরণ)
– Business relation
• Conclusion
Freehand Writing Universal structure by Asraful Porag
ভুমিকায় যা লিখতে হবে তা জানাঃ
ভুমিকায়ঃ/1st Sentence Making: (কি/ সংজ্ঞা + ব্যাপক অর্থে কি বোঝায়)
—(sub)— + is a/the + fact/phenomenon/thing/person + that/which/who+ is/means(কোন কিছু বোঝানো)/represents(তুলে ধরা)/upholds(তুলে ধরা)/indicates(ইঙ্গিত করা) /refers(ইঙ্গিত করা)/denotes(উল্লেখ করা)/focus on(আরোপ করা বা বিষয়বস্তু নির্দেশ করা) + —(object)—
উদাহরণ-
বিষয়বস্তু রিলেটেড: Structure: —-is a/the—-
Example: Reading newspaper is a phenomenon that denotes the importance of newspaper.
Visual images are a form of technology that include photos, pictures, graphics and other visually related instructional materials that aid in cognitive processing for learner’s understanding.
Abstract Idea:(ধরা যায় না/চোয়া যায় না শুধু অনুভব করা যায়) Structure: —-means the—-
Example: Friendship means a relation. It refers a good relation between two persons.
ব্যক্তি রিলেটেড:(Person Related) Structure: —-is a person/man/boy/girl who is /does ——. He/she———–.
Example: A singer is a person who sings a song. He amuses us by his sweet voice.
ভুমিকায় আরও লিখা যায়:
* It goes without saying that …….( এটা বলার অপেক্ষা রাখে না যে, …….) অথবা,
* There is no room for double that ………..( সন্দেহের কোন অবকাশ নেই যে, ……..) অথবা,
There is no controversy over the fact that …….(এ বিষয়ের কোন মতভেদ নেই যে , ……) অথবা,
* We all know that ……….(আমরা সবাই জানি যে , . …) অথবা,
It is known to all that ………..(একথা সবাই জানে যে .. .. .. .. ) ইত্যাদি যে কোন বিষয় দিয়ে Paragraph শুরু করতে হবে ।
Cognitive processes, also called cognitive functions, include basic aspects such as perception and attention, as well as more complex ones, such as thinking. Any activity we do, e.g., reading, washing the dishes or cycling, involves cognitive processing.
It creates desire and excitement.
* প্রথম সেন্টেন্সে present perfect-ও ব্যবহার করা যায়-
উদাহরণ-
It is admittedly true that newspaper has become part and parcel in this contemporary modern life.
বর্ণনায় ও এরপর যা লিখতে হবে তা জানাঃ
Main ideas লেখা : The (importance / function / effect / curse / characteristics / features)+ of + মুল word.
উদাহরণ-
বর্ণনায় যা লিখা যায়(সাধারণত):
Before discussing ( Topic) the thing which has to be mentioned at first is ( বিষয়) সম্পর্কে আলোচনা করার পূর্বে প্রথমে যে কথাটি উল্লেখ করতে হবে তা হলো… … . . . . . . . .) এরপর নিজ থেকে বানিয়ে লিখতে হবে ।
এরপর যা লিখা যায়:
The most important aspect of (topic) which has the discussion becomes incomplete is its / his / her / their effect upon the individual. ( সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ব্যাপার যা ছাড়া এই আলোচনা অসম্পুর্ণ থেকে যায় তা হলো কোনো ব্যক্তির উপর এর / তার / তাদের প্রভাব ।
Supporting ideas লেখা: (Good(Positive) / Bad(Negative))
(1). Positive হলে :
(i) (Topics) is very essential things for our (life /education life/ Environment / society).
(ii) Without is we can’t lead peaceful life.
(iii) নিজে লিখতে হবে Passage থেকে ।
(2). Negative হলে :
(i) (Topic) is very harmful for our ( life / education life/ Environment / society) .
(ii) If you can’t (control / stop / prevent) it, we have to suffer a lot.
(iii) নিজে লিখতে হবে Passage থেকে ।
Negative comments:
We should be awared about it and should take necessary steps to (stop / control / cheek) it.
Positive comments:
We hare learned a lat of things by reading this passage and should try to apply it in our practical life.
এছাড়া অন্যভাবে বলতে গেলে, body part প্রধানত ২ ধরনের:-
- ১.Descriptional.
- 2.Logical.
Descriptional writing এর Structure:-
Descriptional writing টা হচ্ছে প্রধানত কােনা একটা ঘটনা,গল্প বা কােনা বিষয় সম্পর্কে বর্ণনা দেওয়া।
- 1.Firstly, Statement-1 + (and,or,but,on the other hand,moreover,accordingly, এর পর supporting statement + (প্রমাণ হিসেবে)
(for example,such as,for instance,if,unless,though,although)এরপর কিছু অভিজ্ঞতা এবং সংগৃহীত তথ্য দিতে হবে(exprience or collected information) - 2.Secondly, Statement -2 + supporting statement-1/2/3/(প্রমাণ হিসেবে Exprience or collected information 1/2/3 এগুলো দিতে হবে)
- 3.Thirdly + next + afrerwards এগুলো দিতে হবে।
উদাহরণ- (একটা paragraph দেখা যাক)
(1) Speaking is a foreign language in the classroom by students manifest() Some problems.
(2)Firstly,the tendency to use the mother tongue,for example is such a problem.
(3)which learners of a foreign language class share the same mother tongue,they tend to use is because it is easier for them to speak their mother tongue.
(4)secondly inhibition may be another problem.
(5)For example,pupils feels inhibited to speak the foreign because they are worried about making mistake, or loging face.
(6)Sometimes students are found to complain that they have nothing to say on that they do not find any idea to express.
(7)Thirdly, low or uneven participation by the students.
(8)It is often found in the classroom that shy or introverted students who less than some other students.
(9)On the other hand some students who have developed some amount of fluency seem to dominate.
(10)All this problems may be found in a speaking class if a foreign language.
★ logical writing এর Structure:-
logical writingটা হচ্ছে মূলত সব সময় পক্ষে-বিপক্ষে, যুক্তি-তর্ক, ভালো-মন্দ এমন একটা ধারণা দিয়ে থাকে।
((1.Logical writing always have left-right, or for against discussion and controversial
2.Generally,the example of logical writing are good sides-bad sides, for against,causes -effect, reason,result,problems-solution and opinions.))
Main structure:-
- Firstly, Statement-1 + (and,or,but,on the other hand, moreover,accordingly, এর পর supporting statement + (প্রমাণ হিসেবে)
(for example,such as,for instance,if,unless,though,although)এরপর কিছু অভিজ্ঞতা এবং সংগৃহীত তথ্য দিতে হবে(exprience or collected information) - Secondly, Statement -2 + supporting statement-1/2/3/(প্রমাণ হিসেবে Exprience or collected information 1/2/3 এগুলো দিতে হবে।
- Thirdly + next + afrerwards এগুলো দিতে হবে।
এছাড়াও,
ভবিষ্যৎ সন্ভাবনা/ভবিব্যতে ঘটবে এমন কিছুঃ
With the rise in popularity of the Internet, newspapers will soon become a thing of the past. (ইন্টারনেটে জনপ্রিয়তা বৃদ্ধির সাথে সাথে পত্রিকাটা একটা অতীতে জিনিস হয়ে যাবে / বিলুপ্ত হয়ে যাবে)
এতিহাসিক ঘটনা/ চিরাচরিত গল্প:
নিজস্ব মতামত প্রকাশক বিষয়ঃ
বর্তমান, অতীত, ভবিষ্যৎ (সময়ের)অবস্থা বোঝাতে:
In some countries it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on television.
সময়ের সাথে ধারাবাহিক বেড়েছে, কমেছে, একই থাকে ইত্যাদি তুলনা করতে –
writing task 1 এর টেকনিক এপ্লাই কর।
উপসংহারে যা লিখতে হবে তা জানাঃ
উপসংহারে যা
লিখা যায়: উদাহরণ-
In the conclusion it can be said that (topic)is such a concern that can be discussed in many ways. The importance / bad effect of (topic) cannot be expressed in words. ( পরিশেষে বলা যায় যে , ….বিষয়… এমন এক ব্যাপার যাকে বিভিন্নভাবে আলোচনা করা যায় । )
# About – সম্পর্কে/ ব্যাপারে/ বিষয়ে বুঝাতে-
• in relation to
• concerning
• regarding
• respecting
in the subject of
with respect to
with reference to
in regard to
on the point of
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমার্থক শব্দ:-
মুল্যবান – valuable, precious, beneficial
চমৎকার – startling, stupendous, classic, unpalatable
আকর্ষণীয় – enchanting, striking, likable imposing,
বিরক্তিকর – tedious, disgusting,
বিখ্যাত – prominent
মন্দ – inferior, nasty, imperfect, coarse
সুখী – cheerful, cheery, merry, joyful, jovial
ধৈর্যশীল – persistent, arduous
মূর্খতা – idiotic, error, erroneous
দক্ষ – competent, proficient, productive
সাহায্য – aid, serve, assist
দেখা – observe, notice, recognize
ধারণা করা – idea, perception, concept
তৈরি – create, product, build, generate
বড়/বৃহৎ – immense, massive, bulky, vast
শুরু – at the very outset, launch, inception
প্রশংসা – admire, honor, adore, appreciate
চিন্তা – worry, anxiety, anguish
শেষ – termination, edge
বৃদ্ধি – augment, enhance, stimulate, aggravate
হ্রাস – reduce, decelerate, assuage
বর্ণনা – narrate, represent
পদ্ধতি/উপায়/আরোপ – approach
লাইন বাড়ানোর আর কিছু উপায়ঃ গ্রামারদিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি করতে জানাঃ-
Apply different grammars & some proper connectors:(if, so that, although however, not only….but also, whereas etc)
Linkers দিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি :-
Linkers প্রধানত ২ প্রকার:-
- ১.Joiners
- 2.Turners
* joiners মুলত একটি sentence এর মাঝে বসে। (Most of the time we can learn joiners by other learning simple/complex/compound sentence properly.)
for example:-I will go if you come. I will go or i will sleep.
Though he is poor he is honest.
* Turners:- Turners মূলত একটি sentenceএর প্রথমে বসে। (We can learn the use of turners by memorising those words or phrase and best way by reading article.)
example:- Bangladesh is a fast growing country.On the other hand, corruption sometimes creates barriers to its development.
★★ Using linkers
● সম্মতি বা মতের মিল প্রকাশ করার জন্য লিঙ্কিং ওয়ার্ড- 1. Likewise, 2. Of course, 3. In link manner,4. Similarly,5. In the same way, 6. Identically
● অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রকাশ করার জন্য লিঙ্কিং ওয়ার্ড- 1. Additionally, 2. Furthermore, 3. Also, 4. In addition, 5. Moreover, 6.Furthermore.
● মতভেদ প্রকাশ করার জণ্য লিঙ্কিং ওয়ার্ড- 1. Although,2. In contrast,3. But,4. However,5. Conversely,6. On the other hand,7. On the contrary
● কিছু সমাপ্তি প্রকাশ করার জন্য লিঙ্কিং ওয়ার্ড- 1. In summary, 2. In conclusion, 3. In brief, 4. To sum 5.All in All, 6. Overall
● উদাহরন দেয়া / সমর্থন করা / জোর দেওয়ার জন্য লিঙ্কিং ওয়ার্ড- 1. Notably, 2. Namely,3. Chiefly,4. Especially, 5. Specifically, 6. For example,7. For instance, 8. To demonstrate
● কিছু ফলাফল প্রকাশ করার জন্য লিঙ্কিং ওয়ার্ডঃ 1. As a result, 2. Consequently, 3. For this reason, 4. In effect, 5. Thus, 6. Hence, 7. Henceforth, 8. Therefore
Linkers of sequence…
*Linkers of sequence generally use to write sequential writing.
*The sequential writing means, narratives/Descriptive writing or biography.
★Linkers of sequence -word meaning…
1.Firstly/At first/Initially /at the beginning –প্রথমে/শুরুতে
২.secondly-িতীয়
৩.Thirdly-তৃতীয়
৪.Then/after that/next/:-পরে
৫.Afterwards-পরবর্তীতে
৬.Lastly/finaly-শেষ/সর্ব শেষ
Linkers of sequence Example:-
Firstly,I will complete my ssc.Secondly i will try to get admission in hsc. Then i will try to get a chance in Buet.Afterwards, I will go abroad for higher education. And Finaly, I’ll return back home and join any multinational firm.
সহজেই জেনে নেই Simile, Metaphor, Allegory দিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি :- Simile, Metaphor, Allegory সম্পর্কে।
বড় অংশের phrasal subject দিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি :-
The amount of arsenic in water in many areas of the village is more than the normal level.
(Relative pronoun) দিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি :-
The students who don’t go to the university regularly, waste time using Facebook, get up from bed tardily, spend time with gossiping during the class time and disobey their teachers can’t get success in life.
Humayun Ahmed whom I met in Bangla Academy premises is a renowned writer.
বা
The amusement park, which is located in the heart of Dhaka City, brings the people from far away and attracts many visitors every day.
The book which is out of stock now has all the information you need.
Subject verb agreement দিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি :-
Mr. Habib is a Director of medicine manufacturer firm æSeba pharmaceuticals”. He along with his business partners attended the meeting. Mr Habib, who is one of famous chemists of Bangladesh has presented important opinion about the topic.
Passive voice দিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি :-
The first day of May is observed as “May Day” all over the world.
A huge amount of rice has been imported from India this year.
Ten people were killed on the road accident.
The book will be published.
No effective steps are being taken to stop the corruption of Bangladesh. (দুর্নীতি বন্ধে বাংলাদেশে কোন কার্যকরী পদক্ষেপ নেয়া হচ্ছে না)
The prime minister was being given guard of honor on the occasion of the independent day.
The goods of garments will be being exported abroad regularly.
Multiple steps can be taken to solve the traffic jam.
It may be mentioned here, the matter of polluted water of ‘cool water’ brand has been published in various mass media.
Facebook addiction is to be reduced.
Gerund এন্ড participle দিয়ে বড় বাক্য তৈরি :-
Smoking is to be prevented.
Many people working in govd. Office in Bangladesh earn a lot of money by corruption.
We saw the fisherman catching a big fish.
To collect Islamic books is my hobby (Infinitive) ইসলামি বই সংগ্রহ করা আমার শখ।
Being honest is a great virtues. সৎ হওয়া একটা মহৎ গুণ।
I’m learning English with a view to going abroad.
2.
3.
etc…
এছাড়াও,
How to make long English sentence:- (5 step theory)
step 1:-Choose the verb
for example (buy,offer,feel,sleep,come,play)
step 2:-Select the subject
(noun/pronoun)-baby,students,He,she,They,we, you.
step 3:-Ask the verb some question (কি/কাকে/কখন/কিভাবে)
step-4:-provide the answer…
(কোথায়, কখন, কিভাবে, কেমন, কতটুকু ) (adverb/sdverbial phrase)
MPT=(এগুলো নির্দিষ্ট order মেনে চলে। (কিভাবেManner + কোথায়place + কখনtime)
এবার একটু প্র্যাক্টিস করা যাক:-
sentence:-
I bought…… (একটা কথা সব সময় মনে রাখবেন যে verb কে প্রশ্ন করে sentence বাড়ােত হেব।)
সাধারনত verb কে প্রশ্ন করলে তিন ধরনের উত্তর পাওয়া যায়। –
১.object পাওয়া যায়। i bought a car
২.adjective complement পাওয়া যায়। i am happy
৩.অবস্থা পাওয়া যায়। He is a student.
practice:-
I bought…..
i bought a plot…….
i bought a plot in gazipur….
I bought a plot in gazipur last year for build a House.
*He offerd….. He offered me….
He offered me for lunch….
He offered me for launch polietly in his office.
*She felt…….
She felt nervous…..
She felt nervous yesterday..
The baby is sleeping……..
The baby is sleeping silently.
The baby is sleeping silently at night. He is….
He is a student.
He is a good student…..
Another Easy way of Making sentence structure:-
Sub + verb + object + complement + adverb
Subject (verb কে ‘কে’ দিয়ে প্রশ্ন) + verb(ক্রিয়া) + object(verb কে ‘কি’ বা ‘কাকে’ দিয়ে প্রশ্ন) + complement(কেমন) + adverb
(কিভাবে,কোথায়,কখন)
(সে সকালে আমাকে এক কাপ গরম চা দিল।) He gave me a cup of hot tea in the morning.
আমি তাকে বিকাল সাড়ে চারটায় মাঠে খেলতে দেখেছিলাম। (I saw him playing in the field at 4.30 pm.)
Simple Complex and Compound Sentences দিয়ে বাক গঠনঃ
যে পদ্ধতি তোমাকে Freehand Writing এ দক্ষ করবে:-
- বাক্য তৈরির কিছু রেডিমেট স্ট্রাকচার জানা (আগ থেকেই নোট করে তৈরি করে রাখা + নোটটির সব সময় আপডেট চলমান রাখা)।
- যে বিষয়ে লিখতে চাও সেই বিষয়ে স্পষ্ট বাংলা ধারণা রাখা + নিদিষ্ট topic এর ওপর selective vocabulary & phrases,idioms আয়ত্তে রাখা (vocabulary জানার সাথে সাথে বানানের বিষয়ে শতভাগ নজর রাখা)
এজন্য মৌলিক কিছু ধারনা মনে গেঁথে নেওয়া:
১. বর্ণনামূলক ঘটনা/ সাধারণ ঘটনা-Present Indefinite Tense
২. এতিহাসিক ঘটনা/ চিরাচরিত গল্প = Past Indefinite Tense/Past perfect Tense
৩. ভবিষ্যৎ সন্ভাবনা/ভবিব্যতে ঘটবে এমন কিছু = Future Indefinite Tense/ be going to
৪. ঘটনার বর্ণনার জন্য এর অবস্থান যখন অস্পষ্ট] = In pasive sense (Any tense)
৫. নিজস্ব মতামত প্রকাশক বিষয় = Any Tense, To me, I think/hope that–
৬. এছাড়াও Basic Grammar Concept (Condition and conjunction based)
- বড় বাক্য তৈরি করতে জানা. প্রাসঙ্গিক বাংলাকে ইংরেজিতে Translation করতে পারা. Translation করতে যেয়ে Grammatical Fact অনুসন্ধান করা। এজন্য যা যা জানতে হবে-
- বড় অংশের phrasal subject,
- Relative pronoun,
- Subject verb agreement,
- Passive voice,
- Gerund এন্ড participle
- Connector/Linking Words
- Some Making sentence structure
-
Freehand Writing শিখতে যে বিষয়গুলো সম্পর্কে ধারণা রাখতে হবে:
1. Sub/Person সম্বন্ধে প্রাথমিক জ্ঞান। 2. verb সম্বন্ধে প্রাথমিক জ্ঞান। (Auxiliary verb / Transitive verb / intransitive verb)
3. Tense সম্বন্ধে প্রাথমিক জ্ঞান। (Present indefinite / Present Perfect / Future indefinite)
4. বাংলা বাক্যকে চারটি অংশে বিভক্ত করতে পারা। যেমন- Extra part + Sub + verb + Object/Complement/Adverb + Extra part
5. কিছু Vocabulary মুখস্থ রাখা / Choice of diction (শব্দ চয়ন)
#
phrase বা group verb > verb
যেমন- brought about > happened, occurred
# noun & noun → noun phrase
# Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their ecological relationships, has furthered the efficient development of fishies.
বড় বাক্য তৈরি করার ক্ষেত্রে, নিচের দুইটা বাক্য সংযুক্ত করে এই একটা বাক্য গঠন করা হয়েছে-
1. Marine biology is the study of plants and animals and their ecological relationships,
2. Marine biology has furthered the efficient development of fishies.
)
1st Sentence Making বিস্তারিত:
Structure:
1. –(sub)– + is a/the +
2. fact/phenomenon/thing/person +
3. that/which/who +
4. is/means(কোন কিছু বোঝানো)/represents(তুলে ধরা)/upholds(তুলে ধরা)/indicates(ইঙ্গিত করা) /refers(ইঙ্গিত করা)/denotes(উল্লেখ করা)/focus on(আরোপ করা বা বিষয়বস্তু নির্দেশ করা) + —(object)—
According to me – আমার মতে {To me, To the general people, To the poet}
It needs to say – এটা বলার দরকার,
It should be clear – এটা পরিষ্কার হওয়া উচিত,
That is to say – যেটা না বললেই নয়
For this- এইজন্য
that is way- এইজন্য
On the other hand – বিপরীতপক্ষে,
Likewise – তদ্রূপ/ একইভাবে
Paragraph লেখার অভিনব কৌশল । Paragraph লিখনের 6 টি নিয়ম ।
Paragraph
Paragraph লেখার অভিনব কৌশল ।
মাত্র 6 টি Paragraph শিখে 300 Paragraph লেখা যায ।
S.S.C / H.S.C / Degree / University ভর্তি পরিক্ষাসহ যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতামুলক পরীক্ষায় Paragraph একটি গুরুত্বপুর্ণ বিষয় । এখানে Paragraph লেখার একটি অভিনব কৌশল দেওয়া হলো ।
A Paragraph is a ———of some sentence on a specific topic লিখনের সুবিধার জন্য্ Paragraph গুলোকে 6 টি ভাগে ভাগ করতে পারি ।
যেমন : (i) Problem, (ii) Science, (iii) Person, (iv) Computer, (v) Place , (vi) Incident
(i) Problem যেমন : Flood problem, Arsenic problem etc.
(ii) Science যেমন : Computer, Television, Radio etc.
(iii) Person যেমন : A Teacher, A Tourist Guide. A reporter etc.
(iv) Computer যেমন : Midesty , Tolerance, Braves etc.
(v) Place যেমন : Fish Market, Village Fair, Tea-stall etc.
(vi) Incident যেমন : Your Memorable Day, Street Accident etc
(vii) Any kind of Fair যেমন : Book fair,Trade fair,Car fair, erc.
(viii) Any kind of celebration যেমন : Celebration of Eid-ul-Fitre/Durga puja/Book fair etc.
একই শ্রেণীর বিভাগভুক্ত Paragraph গুলো একই নিয়মে লেখা সম্ভব । কেবল মাত্র (NP) স্থলে ঐ শ্রেনীর অন্তর্ভক্তটির নাম লিখতে হবে। (NP) অর্থ Name of the paragraph .
Paragraph লিখনের 6 টি নিয়ম নিম্নে দেওয়া হলো :-
(1) Good Habits/Characteristics
He is very important element for our lives (NP) in a society; he should (NP) his duty to the society. If he does dot abide by the rules. There is no peace in has family or society. It is the mist valuable at the every step in our lives. It is the way to success in life. The man, who abides by the great virtue, has achieved a great respect in his live. Without (NP) none can hope to be a famous person. Of we find the noble and famous persons, who have brought glory to their lives, we shall discover that their happiness depends on (it). It is not thing but mental matter, but it has a great demand to prepare one life. It is preferable to wealth. If wealth losses,it will be found again but if (it) losses. It will impossible found again. One may have much wealth but he is hated in the absence of (it). Without this noble virtue man becomes unhappy and helpless. We should try to our best to abide by this virtue.
1. Discipline, 2. Value of time, 3. Education, 4. Honesty, 5. Partitions, 6. Dignity of labor, 7. Self-reliance, 8. Ambition, 9. Truthfulness, 10. Charity, 11. Obedience, 12. Perseverance, 13. Duty to superiors, 14. Character, 15. Punctually, 16.Cleanliness, 17. Self- employment, 18. Culture, 19. Early rising, 20. Morning walk. |
(2) Problem:
Bangladesh is a very small country. There are many problems in our country. Some of them are big and some of them are small. Some of them are preventable and some of them are unpreventable. But problem is problem. It may be different only, such as food problem, Flood problem, population problem, dowry problem and so on. (NP) is one of them. (NP) is a great problem in our country. It is our created problem. There are various causes of it. Firstly, most of the people of our country are uneducated; secondly, we are usually backward. Thirdly, our government is also responsible for this vital problem. Fourthly, we are not economically self-sufficient. Finally, it is our political unrest which is responsible for this problem. But this problem is not out of solution. It can be solved if we try. Proper steps should be taken to solve. A government or a man can not solve (NP) by himself. So we should all work hard to solve this problem. It is not only our national problem but also a worldwide problem. We can easily realize about the effect of it. We hope that we will be able to overcome (NP) in the days to solve.
- Science (weÁvb):
We live in an age of science. Modem civilization is the reflection of it. It is a blessing to mankind. We can see the wonders of science around us. Science has made our life easy and comfortable such as telephone, computer, internet, radio, electricity, dish-antenna etc. They are very useful to our live. We cannot think of our modern life without it. It has changed out life, society, and culture. It has both good sides and bad sides. If it is used to the welfare of mankind, it will be welcomed. But if is used to the destruction of human environment, it is not welcomed by the people. The invention of (NP) has changed of the world. It has great impact on the world. It works like the magic lamp of Aladdin; Now (NP) has become an essential part in our every day life. We can not think single moment without it. We can not think single moment without it. We can do anything position on negative by the help of it. But we should use it for the welfare of whole mankind.
- Person’s Profession (e¨w³i ‡ckv)
We have in society. We can see various types of people in it. Though all are not important, they are part and parcel of our society. They may be of different professions. Such as doctor, teacher, fisherman, poet singer, player etc. (NP) is one of them. He is a common important person. (NP) is an educated/uneducated man. His activities are very useful for us. His character is very well. His truthfulness and honesty is unthinkable. (NP) is busy person. It the way of living (NP) is very simple. He/She is a good natured person. His/Her works are for the welfare of society. We like him very much for his simplicity and his friendly behavior. Since he is a part and parcel of our society. It is out duty to be careful to him. We must help him as much as we can. We can do anything positive in our society by the help of a (NP).
- Place (¯’vb):
This world is full of joy and beauty. Some are men made and some are natural. These are not significant for their precious source of wealth but priceless for excellence and unique characteristics. (NP) is a common place. (NP) is generally located in suitable place. The place is wide and open. (NP) is very important and significant, both from social and institutional point of views. (NP) is a source of pleasure. It is usually a quite/unquiet place. Where people gather, it becomes a place of noise and busy activities. It is the part and parcel of our life. Thus it is always crowed. (NP) is well decorated. Of all the necessary elements (NP) is one of the invariable of modern civilization. Proper steps should be taken to improve it. Since the dawn of civilization we can see (NP) is surviving to us. Without (NP) our society can not be fulfilled, in every daily life. (NP) is essential. But sometimes it is full of din and bustle is not suitable for the environment. (NP) should be free from it. Every thing should be disciplines. Without discipline (NP) is becoming chaos and anarchy. Proper stapes should be taken to improve its condition. (NP) has great importance in economic. All kinds and classics of people come here. We are thankful of its service of mankind. (NP) has established itself firmly in our hearts. We can not ignore the blessing of (NP). So it is very useful to us.
- Incident (`yN©Ubv mgyn:
Time and tide wait for none. It is a proverb. So time is very valuable for human life. It is a difficult question, what is time? Perhaps many of them say time is minutes, hours and day. But it is quite wrong. Minutes, hours and days are created by human mind. Lost wealth may be replaced by industry, lost knowledge by study, lost health by medicine and producing and nursing but lost time is gone forever. Human life is very short. Our life is nothing but a collection of some moments. Every man has a memorable day in his life. As a human being O have also a habit of past time. A moment can change the shape of man’s attitude to life. (NP) can be better understood by a man. (NP) is memorably ever in my life. It has a strong place is my heart. I cannot forget it. It gives me much pleasure/pain. Now our lives have been filled with thorns of various problems. But I still cherish/remember (NP). This memorable/painful event will remain ever fresh and vivid in my heart and memory.
- Any kind of Fair
There are many kind of fairs. Such as book fair, trade fair, baishakhi fair, maharram fair, international trade fair, flowers fair, New Year’s Day fair and car fair. (It*) is one of them. It is held on a fixed day of month every year. Traders decorate their stalls or pavilions very tastefully to attract the attention of the people. People enter the stall and ask many questions about their (Book**) commodities. Foreigners also attend the fair to know the quality. Sometimes foreign stalls are opened to advertise their products. People can buy any (books) commodities in cheap rate. Sometimes cultural functions are arranged for the people. Children-toys, sweets, and many other things are sold around the gates. It is a great meeting place of public. Generally it is opened up to 10 pm. usually people of all classes attend (It). I attend many fairs. Poets, businessmen, students, teachers and many other people come in the fair. Foreign goods (books) are available in most of the stalls of the (it).
Book fair, Trade fair, Baishakhi fair, Maharram fair, New year day fair, Car fair, Computer fair, Mobile fair, Village fair, Tree fair , Etc |
- Any kind of Celebration
Celebration of (Eid-ul-fitre/Pahela Baishakh) is really a wonderful moment. It opens the door of friendship. It is a very important day fir a (nation /community. The day is celebrated actress (the country/the world) with special honour. On the day (Eidgah/Shaheed minar/different kinds of fair) (becomes /become) the meeting place of people. It creates brotherhood. Celebration of (Eid-ul-Fitre/Durga puja/ Language Day) helps us in many ways. It broadens our outlooks. It also refreshes our minds. It is the way to break prejudice. It is the day of entertainment. It is the day of enjoyment and purification too. On this day, different kinds of programs are channels telecast various programs. Different newspapers also publish supplementary. Overall, such happy occasions remove the separation among the people of various religions, culture and casts. Above all, it is the way of removing narrowness and enhancing the broadness of mind.
Celebration of Eid-ul-Fitre/Durga puja/Buddha purnima/Christmas Day/Pahela Baishakh / Ekushey Febryary/Book Fair/Birth Day/Cultural trends/Victory Day & So on. |
- Abstract Idea:
To make life useful and successful every man should have some extra-ordinary qualities. (NP) is one of them. It is a quality that makes our life valuable and powerful. A person having such quality leads a happy and powerful. A person having such quality leads a happy and an orderly life. He/she seldom faces unacceptable obstacle in life. He/she is sure to prosper in life. (NP) signifies moral sensibility. It flashes our human power and reflects our mind. Thus it enlightens our mental faculty by changing the mode of leading life in accordance with rules. (NP) is a kind of virtue. It has to be acquired through habit and diligence. But for it fame, progress or success is impossible. In short we can say that we have to follow those who have gained their success by dint of (NP).
Honesty, Truthfulness, Education, Ambition, Character, Behavior, Modesty, Patriotism etc |
- Bad habits:
(NP) is a very harmful element for our lives. As man lives in a society, he should maintain some social rules; otherwise there may be some bad effects in the society. (NP) makes not only harm a single person but also harmful to all over our country. The man, who wants to lead his life happily, should avoid (NP). Having such kind of worse character now can be possible to be a famous person. If we find the noble and famous persons who prosper in life. We shall discover that none then in (NP). It is the cause of suffering for the society. There is hardly any person who has never seen heard (NP) in our Bangladesh. It is too harmful matter (NP) holds high position, Though, Government may have very much concerned about it. We should take proper step…..
Scope: Terrorism / Smoking / Environment pollution / Hurtle/ Drug addiction / Dowry system / Illiteracy / Child laver / Copying in the examination, etc |
- DigitalBangladesh:
Bangladesh has already fixed her target of achieving “Digital Bangladesh” with that particular time. It is a time of expecting of the nation to see their country in a proper position among other hi tech countries in the world. With a view to implement of Digital Bangladesh the first and foremost duty is to spread the ICT education throughout the whole country. Present ruling pasty (AL) is committed to the nation for implementing Digital Bangladesh and regarding this she has projected various steps. Because of being poor and illiterate, our people can not use ICT. Using ICT is still now beyond their imagination. It is unfortunate that some of us consider it nothing But mere a fashion though most of the people of our country have a lot of interests they remain out of access of ICT on account of high price. In the present era of globalization ICT is a cross cutting issue. The main obstacles are economic crisis, illiteracy, poverty, fundamentalism tyranny of muscular energy, corruption terrorism and so on. Our country a digital one, government’s commitment and people’s co-operation are urgently required. Government should take steps to spread ICT education throughout the country, our education should lay computer based. Students should get easy access to the computer. Then we would be able to build up “Digital Bangladesh”.
বিঃদ্রঃ প্রশ্ন আকারে Paragraph / Composition আসলে ভূমিকা, বর্ণনা ও উপসংহারে কিছু বাক্য লিখতে হবে । উপরের বাক্যগুলোর যে সব স্থানে Topic লেখা রয়েছে সে সব স্থানে প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত Paragraph / Composition এর নাম লিখতে হবে । এছাড়া গুরুত্ব পূর্ণ সমুহ লেখার কৌশল নিচে দেওয়া হল ।
নিচে একটি Paragraph / Compositionনমুনা দেওয়া হলঃ
Smoking of Bad Habit
There is no controversy over the fact that smoking is dangerous for health. It is a bad habit. It causes many diseases. Before discussing smoking the thing which has to be mentioned at first is its bad effect on our health. Many people die from it. It also harms non-smokers. It pollutes the environment. The most important aspect of smoking without which the discussion becomes incomplete is its effect upon the individual. If we smell the smoke of it, it can be dangerous for us. Most people do not like smokers. It is because smoking disturbs other Inclusion, it can be said that smoking is such a concern that can be defined in many ways smoking has no benefit. So, we should avoid smoking.
Paraghraph শর্টকাট – Paragraph Writing | Shortcut Technique
1. Computer
2. Mobile Phone/Cellular phone
3. E-Mail Fax
4. Internet/Internet Communication
5. Satellite Channel
—-is one of the wonders of modern technology. ——proves that technology can be a blessing for
people. It is easy to use and inconvenient. It has gained worldwide popularity in a short period of time. It is
not only used for personal purpose but also for business purpose. The use of —©—has led to the expansion
of trade and commerce. With the help of ——, we can get the information that happens in the other part of
the world pyithin a short time. ——- has made our life easy and comfortable. Now people of every class
know about ——and are starting to benefit from it. But it is true that it is not always good enough for
human being. Sometimes, the misuse of this very —— harms people. If we can use —— properly in
the evolution of civilization, we will be benefited greatly.
1. Your favouritE person
2. Hazrat Muhammad (sm)
3. Nazrul Islam
4. Rabindranath Tagore
5. The teacher/player you like most
6. Your Ideal person.
7. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
8. Your mother/Father/Grandmother/Grandfather
In the life of every human being there is a favorite person.—O—is considered to me as an ideal person. I like him/her
a lot for his/her tidy lifestyle. His/her simple lifestyle fascinates everyone. I have read the life style of many people
but none compares to him/her. His life-philosophy has fascinated people of all classes and professions. This is why he
is my favorite person. He/She is highly respected for his/her generous mind and for special personalities.—@—is
exemplary in every important step of national life starting from personal life. The words of my favorite person inspire
me the most.”__”.
1. A Tea Stall
2. A Railway Station
3. A Bus Stand
4. A Village Market
Topic sentence.
—- is a very familiar sight to everyone. —– is generally located in a suitable place where ordinary people come and go all day/night long. This place is well-known for the arrival of
different types of people. Since a lot of people come here, there is a commotion in this place. These
places are snecially crowded all time.
1. Early Rising
2. Morning Walk/Walking
3. Physical exercise
Topic sentence………………
—0— is a very important habit for a human being. To live a healthy life, the importance of —@–
is immense. It is beneficial to mind, body and soul. The person who develops this habit feels very
comfortable throughout the day. Since health is the root of all happiness, this practice is very
important in maintaining sound health. A healthy mind lives in a healthy body. That is why, —©–
is very important to stay healthy. It is difficult to form these habits from the beginning. But once
you get used to it, it becomes easy.
1. Road Accident
2. Load shedding
3. Traffic Jam
4. Dowry System
5. Deforestation
6. Green house effect
7. Environment Pollution
8. Water Pollution
9. Air Pollution
10. Sound Pollution/Noise Pollution
11. Danger of Smoking
12. Drug Addiction
Topic sentence…….
In our daily life we are constantly facing various problems.
—O–is one of them. This is the name of
the deadliest threat to human life.—@— interferes with the normal life of the people. The habitable
world is becoming increasingly unstable because of —®—.Such issues appear only when the place
of human moral values is in extreme decline. This man-made problem can be greatly reduced if we
desire earnestly. It is going out of control day by day. It makes our life unhappy and obnoxious. It
greatly affects on our life, society and country.
1. A Street Hawker
4. A street Beggar
7 A Railway Porter
2. A Rickshaw Puller
5. The life of farmer
3. A day laborer
6. The life of a fisherman
Topic sentence.
-O- is a very well known figure in our country. He is very poor. This simple man works from
dawn to dusk. He makes his living with some hard-earned money. In many cases it becomes
difficult for him to run the whole family on his own income/effort. —@— earns very little money
which does not fulfill the demand of his family members. Happiness is incompatible in the lives of
these people. It is often noticed that these types of people do not get due diligence and evaluation of
their activities.
Concluding sentence
Some important question types for Duolingo Essay Writing
1. Advantages Related Essay.
2. Disadvantages Essay.
3. Reason Essay.
4. Solution Essay.
5. Opinion Based.
6. Descriptive essay.
Topic: Nowadays, people like to use the Internet for completing their daily activities as well as official works.
What are the demerits of this development?
General Idea.
Answer first question.
Include 2 points with an example.
Write an ending sentence.
Well, the affair of using the internet seems to be one of the most common issues for all walks of inhabitants in this modern era.
Fortunately, this development appears to come up with a couple of merits. To begin with, with the help of using
Internet, we can deal with a various types of big projects within a short time.
Moreover, Internet seems to be considered as a great source of information.
So, these are the advantages of this development.
Well, the affair of using the internet seems to be one of the most common issues for the all walks of inhabitants in this
modern era.
Unfortunately, this development appears to come up with a couple of demerits. To begin with, the application of cyber
crime seems to increase rapidly as a result, people tend to lose their important data from their devices.
Moreover, using the Internet sometime/every now and then might be waste of time.
So, these are the advantages of this development.
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